Scientific Article Review:

Bionic Effects of Nano Hydroxyapatite Dentifrice on Demineralised Surface of Enamel Post Orthodontic Debonding

Published In: Progress in Orthodontics
Publication Year: 2021

Study Design

This research employed a split-mouth randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of nano hydroxyapatite (NanoHAP) dentifrice versus fluoridated dentifrice on enamel remineralization after orthodontic debonding.

Funding Sources

The authors declared no financial support for this study.

PICO Framework - what was studied and how?

Population

• Patients undergoing therapeutic extraction of maxillary first premolars for orthodontic treatment.

Intervention

• Application of NanoHAP dentifrice twice daily for 15 days.

Comparison

• Fluoridated dentifrice applied twice daily for 15 days.

Outcomes

• Enamel surface roughness reduction, measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) through parameters like Ra (average roughness), Rq (root mean square roughness), and Rz (vertical peak-to-valley height).

In Paragraph Form:
This study involved orthodontic patients who required extraction of maxillary first premolars. Each patient alternately applied a fluoridated dentifrice and a NanoHAP dentifrice for 15 days each. The effects on enamel remineralization were assessed by measuring changes in surface roughness using AFM.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Intact enamel without microfractures, pits, or hypoplasia.
• Non-smokers and patients without restorations on the buccal surface of premolars.

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients with enamel damage due to prior dental work or significant staining.

Demographics and Study Design

• Sample size: 60 maxillary first premolars from 30 patients.
• Intervention group (NanoHAP): 30 premolars.
• Comparison group (Fluoridated dentifrice): 30 premolars.

Primary Outcome Variables and Results

Measured Parameters:

• Ra: Average surface roughness.
• Rq: Root mean square roughness.
• Rz: Peak-to-valley height.

Results:

• NanoHAP dentifrice significantly reduced enamel roughness compared to fluoridated dentifrice.
• Ra: 90.47 ± 6.58 nm (fluoridated) vs. 28.53 ± 6.13 nm (NanoHAP); p < 0.001.
• Rq: 101.16 ± 8.30 nm (fluoridated) vs. 27.56 ± 6.03 nm (NanoHAP); p < 0.001.
• Rz: 716.55 ± 70.16 nm (fluoridated) vs. 278.25 ± 59.11 nm (NanoHAP); p < 0.001.

Statistical Significance:
All differences were highly significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The study concluded that NanoHAP dentifrice significantly outperformed fluoridated dentifrice in reducing enamel surface roughness after orthodontic debonding. This suggests that NanoHAP dentifrice may be a superior option for post-debonding enamel care.

Discussion

Strengths:

• Use of a split-mouth design eliminated inter-individual variability.
• AFM provided quantitative, high-resolution measurements.

Limitations:

• Small sample size (30 patients).
• Surface roughness was measured at a single time point, limiting long-term evaluation.

Future Directions:
Larger studies with extended follow-ups and varied interventions could further validate these findings.

Citation

Verma P, Pandian SM. Bionic effects of nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice on demineralised surface of enamel post orthodontic debonding: in-vivo split mouth study. Prog Orthod. 2021;22:39. PubMed

Visual Aids

Simple Chart: Surface Roughness Reduction